乌鲁木齐南部山区朽木生地衣群落特征的初步研究

应用聚类分析方法对分布在乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统中朽木生地衣群落进行了数量分类并对群落结构、物种多样性、相似性和均匀度等群落参数进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明,乌鲁木齐南部山区的朽木生地衣共计40种,隶属于6目12科和20属,朽木生地衣形成4种群落：（1）枪石蕊＋喇叭石蕊群落;（2）亚花松萝＋茸刺褐梅＋优果小网衣群落;（3）犬地卷＋分指地卷＋裂芽地卷群落;（4）柳茶渍＋土星猫耳衣＋粉石蕊群落。群落3和群落4的相似性比较高为0.768,次为群落2和群落3的相似性为0.647;群落2的多样性最大为1.957,群落4的多样性最小为1.365。同时发现在乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统中朽木生地衣群落的分布与海拔高度和朽木的种类有密切的关系,不同海拔的不同类型的森林生态系统中分布着不同种类的朽木生地衣植物。     

红果龙葵茎和叶的抑菌作用研究

目的:研究红果龙葵茎、叶的水和乙醇提取液对常见微生物的抑菌作用。方法:制备红果龙葵茎和叶的水和乙醇提取液,用平板打孔法测定抑菌圈的方法,测定提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用。结果和结论:红果龙葵茎和叶的水提取液和乙醇提取液对5种细菌有明显的抑制作用,乙醇提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用强于水提取液;各提取液都显示出最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。     

Effect of berberine and (±)-bicuculline isolated from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Corydalis chaerophylla</Emphasis> on spore germination of some fungi

Berberine and (±)-bicuculline were isolated from roots and leaves, respectively, ofCorydalis chaerophylla. Both were effectivein vitro against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria brassicicola, A. brassicae, A. cheiranthi, A. melongenae, A. solani, Colletotrichum musae, C. falcatum, Curvularia penniseti, C. lunata, C. maculans, C. pallescens, Curvularia sp.,Erysiphe pisi, E. cichoracearum, Erysiphe sp.,Fusarium udum, Helminthosporium spiciferum, H. penniseti, H. frumentacei, Heterosporium sp.,Oidium erysiphoides andUstilago cynodontis). Berberine and (±)-bicuculline significantly inhibited spore germination of all the fungi at concentrations of 100–1000 ppm. Berberine was effective against all the fungi at all concentrations; most of the fungi did not germinate at 1000 ppm.H. penniseti conidia did not germinate at any cencentration of (±)-bicuculline.U. cynodontis was the least sensitive fungus at lower concentrations but 800 ppm dose was highly effective.     

Effect of ethanol and zinc on ALA-dehydratase activity in red blood cells.

Subcutaneous injection of zinc as sulphate to rats activates sigma-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in red blood cells within few days of injection. This activation counteracts the inhibitory effect of orally administered ethanol.     

Development of novel benzofuran-isatin conjugates as potential antiproliferative agents with apoptosis inducing mechanism in Colon cancer

In the current work, a new set of carbohydrazide linked benzofuran-isatin conjugates (5a–e and 7a–i) was designed and synthesised. The anticancer activity for compounds (5b–d, 7a, 7b, 7d and 7g) was measured against NCI-55 human cancer cell lines. Compound 5d was the most efficient, and thus subjected to the five-dose screen where it showed excellent broad activity against almost all tested cancer subpanels. Furthermore, all conjugates (5a–e and 7a–i) showed a good anti-proliferative activity towards colorectal cancer SW-620 and HT-29 cell lines, with an excellent inhibitory effect for compounds 5a and 5d (IC₅₀ = 8.7 and 9.4 µM (5a), and 6.5 and 9.8 µM for (5d), respectively). Both compounds displayed selective cytotoxicity with good safety profile. In addition, both compounds provoked apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in SW-620 cells. Also, they significantly inhibited the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein expression and increased the cleaved PARP level that resulted in SW-620 cells apoptosis.     

Toll-like receptor-4 regulation of hepatic Cyp3a11 metabolism in a mouse model of LPS-induced CNS inflammation

Central nervous system (CNS) infection and inflammation severely reduce the capacity of cytochrome P-450 metabolism in the liver. We developed a mouse model to examine the effects of CNS inflammation on hepatic cytochrome P-450 metabolism. FVB, C57BL/6, and C3H/HeouJ mice were given Escherichia coli LPS (2.5 microg) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. The CNS inflammatory response was confirmed by the elevation of TNF-alpha and/or IL-1beta proteins in the brain. In all mouse strains, LPS produced a 60-70% loss in hepatic Cyp3a11 expression and activity compared with saline-injected controls. Adrenalectomy did not prevent the loss in Cyp3a11 expression or activity, thereby precluding the involvement of the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis. Endotoxin was detectable (1-10 ng/ml) in serum between 15 and 120 min after ICV dosing of 2.5 microg LPS. Peripheral administration of 2.5 microg LPS by intraperitoneal injection produced similar serum endotoxin levels and a similar loss (60%) in Cyp3a11 expression and activity in the liver. The loss of Cyp3a11 in response to centrally or peripherally administered LPS could not be evoked in Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice, indicating that TLR4 signaling pathways are directly involved in the enzyme loss. In summary, we conclude that LPS is transferred from the brain to the circulation in significant quantities in a model of CNS infection or inflammation. Subsequently, LPS that has reached the circulation stimulates a TLR4-dependent mechanism in the periphery, evoking a reduction in Cyp3a11 expression and metabolism in the liver.     

Haematuria as a presentation of metastatic oesophageal carcinoma

Haematuria is a classical symptom of urological disease often signifying a primary bladder cancer. Rarely, however, the presence of blood in the urine can be due to secondary spread of tumours into the bladder from distant sites. Notably this has been reported to occur in breast cancer, malignant melanoma and gastric cancers. Haematuria due to spread from a primary oesophageal cancer to the bladder has never been reported. We present a case of haematuria confirmed histologically to be due to metastases from a primary oesophageal tumour. Oesophageal cancer is capable of spread to all three neighbouring compartments (abdomen, chest and neck) and therefore has the potential to spread to unusual sites. Clinicians should always carefully regard haematuria in a patient previously treated for cancer and retain a high index of suspicion for distant metastases as being the cause.     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of azoospermic testes. Could it replace histologic biopsy?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of replacing histologic biopsy of azoospermic testes by fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnostic and management purposes. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-seven patients were examined under general anesthesia, and 53 testes were biopsied by FNA. Fifty-four testes were biopsied for histologic examination. Histology and cytology of each testis were compared to assess the discrepancy or concordance between the diagnoses. RESULTS: Twenty-seven testes showed complete concordance of cytology and histology, and 13 testes showed a mild degree of discrepancy. A severe degree of discrepancy was seen in 13 testes. In the majority of discrepant cases, FNA biopsy diagnosis was more sensitive in detecting evidence of full or advanced maturation. In one case of discrepancy, the histologic finding was Sertoli cells only, and cytology revealed focal full maturation. In vitro fertilization using sperm from this case was successful. CONCLUSION: FNA biopsy of testes in azoospermia is a fast, reliable and minimally traumatic method. The prospects for utilizing FNA biopsy material in assisted and microassisted fertilization are promising.     

Cellularity of lobular carcinoma and its relationship to false negative fine needle aspiration results

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytocellularity and histocellularity of lobular carcinoma (LC) and the relationship to high false negative results of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective study, cellularity was studied in 60 cases of classic LC, LC variants and lobular carcinoma in situ, comparing cytologic smears to their corresponding histologic sections. The cytologic smears were grouped into acellular, low, moderate and high categories, and the histologic sections were grouped into low, moderate and high categories. RESULTS: Malignancy or suspicion of malignancy was diagnosed in 78% of cases. Overall cytocellularity showed acellularity or low cellularity in 60% of cases, while overall histocellularity showed moderate or high cellularity in 95% of cases. When the cytocellularity was moderate or high, the corresponding histocellularity always showed moderate or high histocellularity. When the cytocellularity was low, the corresponding histology showed low histocellularity in 6.3% of cases. Thus, in acellular and low cellular aspirations, corresponding histocellularity may not be the contributing factor toward low cellular yield. In this study, 22% of cases were diagnosed as false negative, 40% were diagnosed as suspicious, and 38% were called positive. Only 17% of positive cases were diagnosed as LC. A large number of LC were misdiagnosed by FNAC as duct cell carcinoma, and most cases of low histocellularity were of the classic type. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that in the majority of cases of LC, cellular yield of FNAC is disproportionately lower than expected when compared to the corresponding histocellularity. Awareness of modest cellularity and subtle cytologic features will aid in the correct preoperative diagnosis of LC, and false negative diagnoses can be minimized.